Stress among Nurses - 2813 Words

Stress has become such an ingrained part of our vocabulary and daily existence, that it is difficult to believe that our current use of the term originated only a little more than 50 years ago. The term â€Å"stress†, as it is currently used, was coined by Hans Selye in 1936, who defined it as â€Å"the non-specific response of the body to any demand for change† (American Institute of Stress [AIS], 2012). When stress was first studied in the 1950s, the term was used to denote both the causes and the experienced effects of these pressures. More recently, however, the word stressor has been used for the stimulus that provokes a stress response. Stress is particularly acute among people who work in the â€Å"helping profession† (Isikhan, Comez, Danis, 2004; Gilbert Daloz, 2008; Siegrist, Shackelton, Link, 2010) and can have devastating effects on healthcare staff and their work environments (Lambert, Lambert, Yamase, 2003). Depending on the nature, intensity, an d duration of the one’s relationships, stress can have negative effects on both physical and mental health in the work environment. The hospital environment contains a number of factors that are unhealthy and cause suffering in nursing professionals. In fact, the nursing profession is considered one health profession with a high level of occupational stress (Costa Martin, 2011). Problem/Significance Stressful events are an inevitable part of life. Stress is the major factor that nurses have to frequently deal with in theirShow MoreRelatedStress And Burnout Among Nurses2101 Words   |  9 PagesStress and burnout is always a popular issue in journal article, academic books and the press (Jonathan Halbesleben, 2008). Professional burnout is understood as the psychological reaction to chronic work stress as well as globally recognized problem among various specialties of nursing (Maslach, Jackson Leiter, 1996). Burnout has been reported one of the occupational hazards in the work place, which is debilitated to workers, costly to agencies and detrimental to clients (Hayes, 2010). NursingRead MoreThe Effects of Stress Among Female Registered Nurses4470 Words   |  18 PagesINTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Prior research has suggested that nurses, regardless of workplace or culture, are confronted with a variety of stressors. As the worldwide nursing shortage increases, the aged population becomes larger, there is an increase in the incidence of chronic illnesses and technology continues to advance, nurses continually will be faced with numerous workplace stressors. Thus, nurses need to learn how to identify their workplace stressors and to cope effectivelyRead MoreConcept Analysis on Stress Among Nurses Essay5023 Words   |  21 PagesKnowledge in Nursing 10.1177/0894318405277527 18:3, July 2005 ARTICLE Unity of Knowledge in the Advancement of Nursing Knowledge Clinical Research Specialist, Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA Clinical Nurse Specialist, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Gerontological Nurse Practitioner, Assistant Clinical Professor, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA During the past 20 years, we have witnessed an explosion in nursing knowledge providing the discipline with diverse andRead MoreNursing Research: Work Related Stress Among Nurses Essay example2208 Words   |  9 PagesSelye said, â€Å"It is not stress that kills us, it is our reaction to it.† Stress can cause it’s victims to suffer from emotional and physical anguish. If stress occurs for prolonged periods of time with little to no reprieve it can result in serious and sometimes fatal health problems. It is ironic that stress can lead to major health concerns, yet some of the most stressed people are those in the healthcare profession. According to an article from the Nursing Standard, stress is a leading cause ofRead MoreThe Effect Of Job Rotation And Role Stress Among Nurses On Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment1748 Words   |  7 PagesChing Sheng Chang, Ying-Ling Shih and Rong-Da Liang in their research article â€Å"Effects Of Job Rotation And Role Stress Among Nurses On Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment†, conducted a field study and the purpose of study was to inspect how role stress among nurses could affect their organizational commitment and job satisfaction, and if the job rotation system might encourage nurses to recognize, relate to and share the vision of the organization, it will result in enhancing their job satisfactionRead MoreStress in Nursing Practice780 Words   |  4 PagesStress is a common occurrence in the workplace. In health care in particular, there are high levels of stress which can have a negative impact on the environment, the staff, and ultimately the patients. Nurses are subjected to a great deal of occupational stress which in turn impacts the quality of patient care. Occupational stress can be defined as, â€Å"the destructive physical and emotional response that occurs when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities or desires of the employee†Read MoreManaging An Overwhelmed Staff995 Words   |  4 Pagesregarding nursing leadership and management is how to help staff manage work complexity and stress. In health care there is an association between the quality of patient care, staff satisfaction and effective nursing leadership. Nursing is constantly evolving and nurses take on a significant level of responsibility with hardly any control of workload or work environment. This leads to high levels of stress amongst nurses. An overwhelmed staff leads to an increased possibility of compromised patient careRead MoreStress For Community Home Health Nurses856 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent areas of stress for community home health nurses. Importance of the Study This study is important because it will help nurses and supervisors to identify areas that can causes potential burnout among community nurse in the workplace, which in terms can produce stress. In addition, this study is also important because it will analyze and examine different strategies that can be put in place that can prevent mental, physical, and emotional disturbances to nurses as a result of stress. ResearchRead MoreStress Of Nursing Leadership And Management1549 Words   |  7 PagesStress of Nursing Leadership and Management On a daily basis, everyone experiences stress. Stressful situation without making adjustments can effects your health and well-being. For example, I worked as a charge nurse and mostly as a RN supervisor. This job requires to use managerial skills as well as clinical expertise. The work environment of the skilled nursing facility was mostly short staffed, lack of resources, and overloaded. I, as a charge nurse, was expected to always be available, to beRead MoreStress Of Nursing Leadership And Management1267 Words   |  6 PagesStress of Nursing Leadership and Management As a normal part of life, everyone has stress. Stressful situation without making adjustments can effects your health and well-being. For example, I worked as a charge nurse and mostly as a RN supervisor. This job requires to use managerial skills as well as clinical expertise. The work environment of the skilled nursing facility was mostly short staffed, lack of resources, and overloaded. I, as a charge nurse or RN supervisor, was expected to always be

Business Btec Free Essays

Definition of marketing is the management process through which goods and services move from concept to the customer. For example, new Apple products are developed to include improved applications and systems, are set at different prices depending on how much capability the customer desires, and are sold in places where other Apple products are sold. Marketing is based on thinking about the business in terms of customer needs and their satisfaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Btec or any similar topic only for you Order Now The overall concept of marketing is a management philosophy according to which a irm’s goals can be best achieved through identification and satisfaction of the customers stated and unstated needs and wants. Companies should identify the needs of their customer and produce products and services to satisfy those needs. The production concept is a philosophy that consumers will favour products and services that are widely available and highly affordable and that management should therefore focus on improving production and distribution efficiency this is relevant to Nike as they do this with small products cheaper products such as accessories and ports equipment relying on economies of scale to make profit on products that are priced cheaper. Private sector can be explained as a business owned by private individual or groups and there main aims and objective and one of those objectives is to make a profit, and growth mean that they can -maximise their profits by reinvesting in the business. The main aim of a private sector business is survival as they want the business to last and not go bust. The main aim and objectives of my two business which are Apple and Nike theirs is to remain marketing leader in there industry. Public sector is part of an economy that is controlled by the government and is not run for profit such as schools and hospitals. The Voluntary sector is part of the economy that consists of non-profit making organisation such as charities and is run by volunteers. The public sector and voluntary measure their progress not by profits but with other factors such as service provision, growth of range of provisions, cost limitations and meeting quality. Service provision the act of performing a task for a business or person that wants or requires it in exchange for acceptable ompensation. A business that using service provision needs high quality trained staff such as the fire department that are available to preform what is need of them in a situation and doing the Job to the best they can. Growth of range of provisions is the number of services a public or voluntary sector do and the quality they do such a school offering extra courses things such as after school clubs to helps the student’s and develop. Cost limitation is used to see if the businesses have used the funds they have at had adequately as for public sector organisations such as school hey will need to distribute the money they receive to get the best out of there students. Meeting quality standards are used in the public and voluntary sector as for hospitals they rely on this as lives are in danger and will need to provide a standard to the people seeking help. Marketing objectives the group of goals set by a business when promoting its products or services to potential consumers that objectives may be based on factors other than survival and growth. Market leadership is the position of a company with the largest market share or highest profitability margin in a given market for goods and services. Market share may be measured by either the volume of goods sold or the value of those goods. This links both to Nike and Apple as they are the market leaders in the given markets. Brand awareness is the likelihood that consumers recognise the presence and availability of a company’s product or service. Creating brand awareness is one of the key steps in promoting a product both for Nike and Apple they do this very well as they are recognised globally plus have such iconic logos that are easily recognisable. Perception of customers is a marketing concept that encompasses customer’s impression awareness and/or consciousness about a company or its offerings. Customer perception is typically affected by advertising, reviews, public relations, social media, personal experiences and other channels. Ansoff was known best for developing a strategies he Identified as the four categories for growing and the categories are market penetration, marketing development, product development and diversification. Market penetration the activity or fact of increasing the market share of an existing product, or promoting a new product, through strategies such s bundling, advertising, lower prices, or volume discounts. Marketing development is the act of increasing the total market served by a company by finding new customers and markets, or providing new products to existing customers and markets. An example of this for Nike is their sports clothes and trainers are always developing and coming out with new ideas. Product development this strategy entails finding new markets for existing products. Market research and further segmentation of markets helps to identify new groups of customers. An example for Nike is producing a new winter line or a new product or material such as Dri-fit. Diversification this involves moving new products into new markets at the same time. It is the most risky strategy. The more an organisation moves away from what it has done in the past the more uncertainties are created. However, if existing activities are threatened, diversification helps to spread risk. Survival strategies are used by many businesses as they are faced with having to develop there strategies to survive such as economising the business to reduce expenses. This would lead to the business being less profitable and have a smaller market impact and awareness. In business a rand is a unique design, sign, symbol, words, or a combination of these, employed in creating an image that identifies a product and differentiates it from its competitors making it stand out and easy to remember. The process involved in creating a unique name and image for a product in the consumers mind, mainly through advertising campaigns with a consistent theme. Branding is used by both businesses as they have brand name, a logo and a slogan. They are both such powerful brands worldwide. They both have brand extension and are always looking to keep brand building as well as both do brand extension. How to cite Business Btec, Papers

The Oxford Handbook of Business and the Natural Environment

Question: Describe about The Oxford Handbook of Business and the Natural Environment? Answer: Identification of purposes of different types of organization An organization is a group of social individuals working in a comprehensive manner under a controlled performance in order to achieve the fulfillment of combined goals. As per the legal structuring organizations can be broadly of four major types namely Public limited companies, Private limited companies, trusts and partnership companies (Daniel, Wang and Weber, 2013). As per the legal structure of the organizations the following organizations of UK are selected : Tesco Plc Public Limited Company Oreo- Cadbury Diary Milk partnership business British Red Cross society Trust Iceland Ltd Private limited company (Griffin and Pustay, 2013) Tesco Plc is a public limited company, which gives Tesco the opportunity to make its shares available for public purchase. Tesco is thus able to procure finance through sell of shares to the public and sell of shares through stock exchange. Moreover, the public limited companies get the options of getting cheaper loans from the commercial banks. The major purpose of Tesco is to expand its stores and product line base thus becoming a Plc company has helped Tesco to successfully finance its ventures (Gil Aluja and Terceno, 2012). British Red Cross Society is a registered charity in UK with around 32000 volunteers and 3500 staffs providing financial, material and mental support to the crisis affected people of UK. The registration as a charity has given the society an opportunity to gain public recognition and consequently funds for management of the activities. Moreover operating as a nonprofit organization also gives the society 100% tax relief. Evaluation of the organizations functions in meeting stakeholders needs A stakeholder is an individual or group of persons who are affected by the activities of the organization and are thus interested in the daily working within the organizations. They may o may not have shares or rights within the company functions however they are affected by the company decisions and are thus interested in company affairs. For the purpose of analysis of organizational functions involving the stakeholders two UK companies are chosen namely the British Airways and the retail company Marks and Spencer. Major stakeholders of British Airways Stakeholders Objectives Ways of meeting stakeholder needs Shareholders High dividends, corporate image CSR reports and annual reports Employees (Crew members, ground staffs, pilots, air hostesses, engineers and administrative staffs) Job security, salary hikes, training opportunities, free flight passes (Daniel, Wang and Weber, 2013) Annual reports, financial statements, incentives and reward systems Customers (business men, corporate personnel, local flight travelers) Interest about good quality flights, good food services and high quality service Prompt services, good flight experience, positive media publicity Competitors (United Airlines, Japan Airlines, Deutsche Lufthansa AG) Ticket prices, percentage of travel bookings, revenue Annual reports(Griffin and Pustay, 2013) Government (Secretary of State transport and Civil Aviation Authority) Compliance of airspace rules Legal guidance record Major stakeholders of Marks and Spencer Stakeholders Objectives Ways of meeting stakeholder needs Shareholders Investment returns Perks, AGM information, electronic communication about returns Employees (shop manager, sales persons, administrative employees) Workplace health and safety, remuneration and productive growth within retail store Health and safety policy, remuneration policy, equality policy Customers High quality products, new designs and competitive pricing Pricing policies, CSR reports Competitors (Tesco , ASDA and NEXT) Pricing strategies, monthly sales revenue Annual reports Suppliers Ethical trading, best price (Gil Aluja and Terceno, 2012) Sustainable SCM Responsibilities and strategies of an organization In case of Mark and Spencer, it is seen that the retail company uses the stakeholder mapping in order to prioritize the stakeholders before employing the strategies (Daniel, Wang and Weber, 2013). Thus, MS prioritizes the responsibilities towards the employees and the customers. For managing the employees the company provides incentives, employee discounts, has introduced policies like workplace health and safety, anti bribery policy and mental well being policy (Jacob, 2013). Moreover, the company also provides pension schemes for the retired employees. In order to manage customers MS has introduced 24 hours customer care services, uses organic chemicals in textile production, natural resources in food production etc. In monitoring of the competitors, the company focuses on the price levels of the other retail companies and prices the products accordingly. Finally, for effective management of the suppliers and stakeholders, MS presents CSR reports concerning animal welfare activities and ethical trading. The company also gives shareholders discounts, high dividends, financial statements and electronic information about returns (Griffin and Pustay, 2013). LO 2: Understand the nature of the national environment in which business operate Allocation of economic resources by different countries The economic system is the appropriate system of production, exchange and distribution of goods and resources between different countries and individuals (Jacob, 2013). Three major types of economic systems operating in different countries are capitalism, socialism and mixed economy. Resources allocation is the major problem faced by various countries. Since the demand for the resources re high hence the lack in the supply creates a scarcity of the resources. Thus keeping in mind the scarcity of resources, in an economic system the participatory are required to make decision related to economic choice and bear the opportunity costs for the alternatives made (Gil Aluja and Terceno, 2012). UK and Germany are the two countries displaying two diverse economic systems. UK adopts the mixed economic system involving both state ownership and government regulation. On the contrary, Germany adopts the capitalism economy where the participants for distribution of resources follow a two-class hierarchy system (Jacob, 2013). In the capitalist economy, the responsibility of allocation of resources rests upon the high class of individuals and they take the decision for allocation of the same to the working class giving rise of unequal distribution. However, in UK, prevalence of mixed economy helps in equal distribution of the resources by both government and public sector individuals (Gupta, 2013). Impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business activities UK has the fifth largest economy as per its current GDP of 3.002 trillion and 2.547 trillion in terms of PPP. The country has recorded around 2.70% annual GDP growth rate with the service sector recording the highest GDP rate of around 78.4%. Bank of England regulates the monetary policy of UK and has currently set an inflation target of 2%, which is favorable for economic growth (Daniel, Wang and Weber, 2013). The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) sets the monetary policy. The major target of the monetary policy of UK is to keep the inflation rate between CPI 2% with an increment of decrease by 1%. Moreover, in 2008-2009 Bank of England used Quantitative Easing that included creation of money electronically to purchase assets. The changes in the interest rates and Inflation rates affect the business functions of Sainsbury, which is a retail supermarket. With the rise in the rates of interest Sainsbury will face difficulty in financing cost of capital and with the rise in the inflation rates the customers purchasing power will decrease thereby making it difficult for the customers to purchase products. Moreover, changes in the exchange rates will also appreciate the monetary value of pounds in UK, which will increase the domestic sales of Sainsbury however will decrease the sales of Sainsbury in other countries. Impact of competition policy and regulatory mechanisms on organizations activities Sainsbury, which is one of the major players in the retail industry of UK, faces stiff competition from the other retail organizations like Tesco, ASDA and Marks and Spencer. Thus, the retail supermarket in order to retain its market share will focus on changing and implementing its competition policies (Kelly and Scott, 2011). Thus, Sainsbury has to frame its policies with regard to the changing policies of its competitors. The competition policy of Sainsbury focuses on cost and product diversification. The governmental policies concerning the product standards and product qualities as imposed by the UK government will have a direct impact on the product costs of Sainsbury. Thus, the governmental policies will threaten product-pricing strategies of Sainsbury along with its competitors. Understand the behavior of organization in their market environment Pricing and output decisions of organizations in UK The three major market structures are namely monopoly, oligopoly and perfect competition. Sainsbury operates under the oligopoly market structure where the price levels are decided based on the pricing strategies of the competitors and customers demand (Tebloyeva, 2010). In case of monopoly, there is a presence of only one or two companies in the market and hence the pricing strategies do not depend upon the customer demands. In this segment of market structure, the customers have little or no options and thus they are not the parties who can influence the price levels (Kelly and Scott, 2011). The seller thus possesses the whole power to set prices accordingly. However in case of Sainsbury the number of competitors are high hence the retail chain sets prices according to the customer demand and pricing strategies of other retail companies (Chikara, 2013). Evaluation of market forces shaping organizational responses Major market forces like the demand and supply graph, customers perceptions, economies of scale and cost and output relations shapes the product and pricing decisions of various organizations in UK. Sainsbury has to make production and supply decisions depending upon the demand of the UK customers and hence they use Just in time approach in order to successfully supply the products (Schaffer and Schaffer, 2012). Moreover, due the high competition Sainsbury analyses the customer perceptions before launching new products in the market. Moreover, the retail companies have the option of producing goods at a large scale. Thus Sainsbury adopts the benefits of the economies of scale in order to successfully produced large volumes of goods at low production cost. Moreover, factors like rise in the inflation rates may increase the price of the products of Sainsbury. Thus, if the price of the products increases then Sainsbury decides to produce large volumes of products in order to avail econo mies of scale and in order to gain profits (Kirpalani, 2013). Report on Virgin Atlantic Virgin Atlantic Airways is the second largest British airlines serving some of the major cities of UK. The airline operates through Gatwick and Heathrow airports and operates in around 30 destinations around UK and other countries. The cultural, political, technological and social factor influences the operations of Virgin Atlantics (Leal Filho, 2004). In UK the political situation is stable for the organizations and thus Virgin Airlines can make the policies keeping in mind the considerations offered by the UK government. The major economic factors like GDP, interest rates, employment rates and inflation rates also influence the activities and policies of Virgin Airlines (Mackey and Sisodia, 2013). The high degree of technological inputs and outsourcing has helped Virgin Airlines to increase the quality of the airline services at a considerably low service cost. Apart from these business environments, the cultural diversities also play an important role in framing the internal emplo yee culture of Virgin Airlines (Mackey and Sisodia, 2013). Assessment of global factors that shape national business activities Business in international prospective International trade refers to the trade of goods and services between global countries. The world economic concepts are based on the supply and demand system of international trade. Thus, any change in any of the global factors can affect the demand supply and pricing techniques of the international trade. The process of international trade involves exchange of capital, products and services on a global context. In this regard on monitoring the service of Tesco Plc which has its branches in different parts of the world can show some of the major benefits that an organization derives from international trade. International trade is important for development of revenue sources for Tesco (Kirpalani, 2013). Moreover with the enhanced production techniques, highly advanced supply chain systems, rapid industrialization and outsourcing of products Tesco has also been able to focus on the product and the marketing strategy. Further, the principle of comparative pricing advantages can also be derived with the help of international trade relations. Tesco has also been able to increase the domestic competitiveness, sales, profits and attained global market share. However, there are certain disadvantages of international trade. Firstly, the international trade has increased the product cost for Tesco (Baron, 2013). Tesco has to produce different products according to fit to the various diverse cultures within of the different countries. Moreover, the fluctuations in the exchange rates have also contributed to the loss of revenue for the organizations (Mackey and Sisodia, 2013). It is opined that another disadvantage of international trade is that the organization engaging in international trade tends to ignore the welfare of the individuals of the domestic or the production country for the sake of revenue generation. International trade has also resulted in exhaustion and destruction of the resources of Tesco and in some countries, the economic decisions and the political decisions influence the trading profit of Tesco. Tesco at times has to also reduce the product prices because of the high tariff charges charged by the other countries. In order to ensure sell of the product in that country Tesco strives to reduce the price and has to bear the high tax rates (Bansal and Hoffman, 2012). Impact of global factors on UK business organizations Globalization refers to the international operations of a particular organization. The different global factors like international competitiveness, global business environment, taxation policies and exchange rates influences the global business process of organizations in UK. Companies having global branches in different countries have to focus on the global competitiveness in order to earn equal revenue in all sectors. If the competition is high in the global market from some domestic company then the UK companies find it difficult to operate in that market. For analysis of the international business environment, the companies generally undertake the PESTEL analysis. Similarly high taxation and tariff rates in the global markets like China, Germany and USA threatens the revenue of the UK companies (Cherunilam, 2010). European Union policies and their impact The rules and regulations of the European Union are to be abided by the member countries. The major policies of EU are employment policy, regional policy, global trading policy, education sector policy, and inflation and taxation policy. All of these policies have a direct impact on the business activities of the member country. Thus, the companies operating under the EU policies needs to focus on the implementation of these policies. In this context, Sainsbury operates in the segment of both taxation and global trading policy (Mackey and Sisodia, 2013). The global trading policy is influenced by the exchange rate fluctuations and the tariffs and taxation policies of different countries give Sainsbury the opportunity to frame the pricing policies. Sainsbury thus formulates the different policies in order to cater to the needs to the customers and the shareholders equally(Chikara, 2013) Reference list Bansal, P. and Hoffman, A. (2012).The Oxford handbook of business and the natural environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Baron, D. (2013).Business and its environment. Boston: Pearson. Cherunilam, F. (2010).Business environment. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Chikara, M. (2013). Book Review: Business Environment.Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 17(2), pp.185-186. Daniel, F., Wang, J. and Weber, B. (2013).Business process management. Berlin: Springer. Gil Aluja, J. and Terceno, A. (2012).Methods for decision making in an uncertain environment. Singapore: World Scientific. Griffin, R. and Pustay, M. (2013).International business. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson. Gupta, J. (2013). Economic and Business Environment.Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 17(1), pp.83-85. Jacob, W. (2013). Economic and Business Environment.Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 17(1), pp.87-89. Kelly, S. and Scott, D. (2011). Relationship benefits: Conceptualization and measurement in a business-to-business environment.International Small Business Journal, 30(3), pp.310-339. Kirpalani, V. (2013).International Business Handbook. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Leal Filho, W. (2004).Environment 2010. [Bradford, England]: Emerald Group Pub. Mackey, J. and Sisodia, R. (2013).Conscious capitalism. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business Review Press. Makhbul, Z. (2012). Workplace Environment Towards Health and Performance.International Business Management, 6(6), pp.640-647. Mirwoba, S. (2010). Rethinking ethical issues in global business environment.KCAJBM, 2(2). Schaffer, R. and Schaffer, R. (2012).International business law and its environment. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Subba Rao, P. (2010).International business environment. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Tebloyeva, V. (2010). BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT FEATURES AND SMALL BUSINESS PROBLEMS IN THE NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA.EoR, pp.192-196. Tokuoka, K. (2012).Does the business environment affect corporate investment in India?. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund.

Steriods Informative Speech free essay sample

Today I would like to enlighten the class on what I’ve learned about Anabolic Steroids and the causes it has on our body. Introduction Attention material: According to Do Something. Org, Science Daily quotes that â€Å"A recent study found that 57%of high school steroid users said that they would risk shortening their life for increased performance†. Also according to Science Daily, Oregon Health amp; Science University states In 2003, seventh-grade girls were the fastest-growing group of steroid users, with more than seven percent using them. † The growth of steroids has been increasing to an extreme rate and we need to do something to decrease these numbers. Thesis Statement: Today I would like to enlighten the class on what I’ve learned about Anabolic Steroids and the causes it has on our body. Preview: First we will explain the history of steroids, second, how they are admitted in the body, and third, the overall effects of steroids in the human body. We will write a custom essay sample on Steriods Informative Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Transitions: After hearing some surprising facts, we are going to go in depth to learn the history on how steroids began. Body I. The history of steroids can be traced from Ancient Greece but the true Steroid that is used to day was created in 1931. A. Ancient Greece was known to have used the first type of steroids back in the original Olympic games, which was to eat raw animal testicles. Although that might sounds gross and disgusting, technically it would be distinguished as Sports Doping in modern terms states. (Steroids. om/History-of-Steroids. php) B. When man truly wanted to create a performance enhancement, The Association Against Steroid Abuse states, â€Å"The 1930’s a German chemist, Adolf Butenandt started the manufacturing of testosterone marked the invention of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), as we know them today. † C. According to A. A. S. A, after the development of the anabolic steroids, the first official use for Anabolic Steroids â€Å"adapted a variety of purposes including the increase of aggression in Nazi soldiers to elite-levels athletes in 1950’s. Transitions: Now that we know about the history on steroids and where it began, lets transfer to how steroids are admitted into the body. II. There are numerous ways to take steroids such as the basic injection, orally and more complicated ways. A. The most common way steroids are admitted is through Intramuscular Injection. According to steroidabuse. com, Intramuscular Injection is â€Å"deep within the muscle, typically the buttocks† B. The next form of administration is Oral Administration. These are â€Å"available in tablet, capsule and liquid†¦requires an alteration to base molecule in order to survive passing through the liver. † (A. A. S. A) C. Another form of taking steroids is through Transdermal Administration. These steroids are available in creams, gels or patches. According to Steroids 101, â€Å"They are rubbed on directly as one would apply a lotion. This type of administration is generally used during hormone replacement therapy as it provides the most constant rate of release into bloodstream. † D. The last way of admitting steroids through your body is through Subcutaneous Injection. Association against steroid abuse describes it as â€Å"Human Growth Hormone and other related compounds being applied by injection under the skin. This requires pulling the skin away from the muscle and injecting in the pocket of air that is formed† Transitions: Since we now know the ways to take steroids, lets finally focus on the effects of steroids. III. The effects of steroids are quite common with every single user; they can differ though from men to women, both good and bad. A. According to Fitness For World, the positive effects steroids have in people is that after â€Å"a knee or shoulder injury, steroids are used in small quantities by physicians for treating some types of Anemia†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Another explain on why steroids are helpful is that it fights against AIDS. According to an article titled Effects of Steroids, it states that â€Å"It helps a person to gain weight for chronic nutritional deficiencies or AIDS wasting syndrome. B. With the use of Steroids for men, the effects can be quite scary. WebMD. om states â€Å"Men who take anabolic steroids may: Develop breasts, Get painful erections, Have their testicles shrink, and have decreased sperm count. C. According to Daniel J. DeNoon, A WebMD Health News writer, he states for woman the effects are â€Å" Growing excessive face and body hair, Have their voices deepen, Experience menstrual irregularities, and have reduced breast size. D. Common side effects for woman and men as stated in the article Health Effects of Steroids â€Å" For both sexes†¦Kidney stress/damage, High blood pressure, Hair loss, Cardiovascular diseases, Acne, Enlarged heart, and Tendon amp; ligament injuries. Conclusion Summary Statement: In short we now know the history behind steroids; the different types admissions of these drugs into the body, and the pros and cons of this drug both through men and woman. Concluding Remarks: Ultimately, you know that steroids are very attainable for men and women, young and old. So the next time you hear about an athlete getting kicked out of a sport because they were taking steroids, you know why. With all the information I have provided in this informative speech we have all learned a little more knowledge about steroids.

How to Write the Revised GRE Analytical Writing Essays

How to Write the Revised GRE Analytical Writing Essays When people study for the GRE exam, they often forget about the two Writing tasks, the Analyze an Issue Task and the Analyze an Argument Task,  facing them on test day. Thats a big mistake! No matter how great of a writer you are, its important to practice these essay prompts before taking the exam. The GRE Writing Section is a doozy, but heres a brief how-to for writing the essays. How to Write the GRE Issue Essay: Remember that the Issue task will present an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. Heres an example from ETS:   To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. First, choose an angle. The good news about the GRE Analytical Writing scoring is that you get to write about the issue from any angle. For example, you could do any of the following or choose an approach of your own:Agree with the issueDisagree with the issueAgree with parts of the issue and disagree with othersShow how the issue has inherent logical flawsDemonstrate the validity of the issue with comparisons to modern societyConcede a few points of the issue but refute the most important part of the claim Second, choose a plan. Since you only have 30 minutes, you need to make the best use of your writing time as is possible. It would be foolish to jump into the writing without scratching out a brief outline of the details and examples you want to include to make your strongest argument Third, write it. Keeping your audience in mind (faculty members and trained GRE graders), write your essay quickly and concisely. You can go back afterward to make changes, but for now, get the essa y written. You cant be scored on an empty sheet of paper. More Sample Issue Essays Write the GRE Argument Essay: The Argument task will present you with an argument for or against something and give you specific details about how you must respond. Heres a sample Argument task: The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine. A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted. First, analyze the details. What facts are considered evidence? What is the offered proof? What are the underlying assumptions? What claims are made? Which details are misleading? Second, analyze the logic. Follow the line of reasoning from sentence to sentence. Does the author make illogical assumptions? Is the movement from point A to B logically rational? Is the writer drawing valid conclusions from the facts? What is the author missing? Third, outline. Map out the biggest problems with the prompts logic and your alternative rationale and counterexamples. Come up with as much evidence and support you can think of to support your own claims. Think outside the box here! Fourth, write it. Again, keep your audience in mind (which rationale would work best to convince a faculty member) write your response quickly. Think less about semantics, grammar, and spelling, and more about demonstrating your analytical skills to the best of your ability. Sample GRE Argument Essays The Analytical Writing Tasks in a Nutshell So, basically, the two writing tasks on the GRE are complementary in that you get to formulate your own argument in the issue task and critique anothers argument in the argument task. Please be mindful of your time in each task, however, and practice ahead of time to ensure your best score possible.

Scale Insects and Mealybugs, Superfamily Coccoidea

Scale Insects and Mealybugs, Superfamily Coccoidea Scale insects and mealybugs are significant pests of many ornamental plants and orchard trees, and cost these industries millions of dollars each year. Many other insects and larger predators eat these tiny insects, so they do serve a purpose. Some scale insects cause the formation of galls. Learn the habits and traits of these interesting true bugs, which belong to the superfamily Coccoidea. What Do Scale Insects Look Like? Scale insects often go unnoticed, although they live on many common landscape and garden plants. Theyre small insects, usually just a few millimeters long. They tend to position themselves on the undersides of leaves or other plant parts, where they arent exposed to the elements. Scale insects are sexually dimorphic, meaning males and females  look entirely different from one another.   Adult females are usually somewhat round in shape, lack wings, and often lack legs as well. Males are winged, and look somewhat like winged aphids or small gnats. To identify scale insects, its often necessary to identify the host plant. Although largely considered pests, scale insects have been used in some surprisingly beneficial ways throughout history. The red pigment found in cactus-feeding cochineal scales is used to make a natural red dye for food, cosmetics, and textiles. Shellac is made from the secretions from coccids called lac scales. Scale insects and their waxy secretions have also been used in various cultures for making candles, for jewelry, and even for chewing gum. How Are Scale Insects Classified? Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - HemipteraSuperfamily – Coccoidea There is still some disagreement on how scale insects should be classified and how the group should be organized.   Some authors rank the scale insects as a suborder rather than a superfamily. Family level classification is still very much in flux. Some taxonomists subdivide the scale insects into just 22 families, while others use as many as 45. Scale Insect Families of Interest: Margarodidae - giant coccids, ground pearlsOrtheziidae - ensign coccidsPseudococcidae - mealybugsEriococcidae - felt scalesDactylopiidae - cochineal insectsKermesidae - gall-like coccidsAclerdidae - grass scalesAsterolecaniidae - pit scalesLecanodiaspididae - false pit scalesCoccidae - soft scales, wax scales, and tortoise scalesKerriidae - lac scalesDiaspididae - armored scales What Do Scale Insects Eat? Scale insects feed on plants, using piercing mouthparts to suck the juices from their host plant. Most scale insect species are specialist feeders, requiring a particular plant or group of plants to meet their nutritional needs. The Life Cycle of Scale Insects Its difficult to generalize a description of the scale insect life cycle. Development varies greatly between scale insect families and species, and is even different for males and females of the same species. Within the Coccoidea, there are species that reproduce sexually, species that are parthenogenetic, and even some that are hermaphroditic. Most scale insects produce eggs, and the female often guards them while they develop. Scale insect nymphs, particular in the first instar, are typically mobile and are referred to as crawlers. The nymphs disperse, and eventually settle on the host plant to begin feeding. Adult females are usually immobile and remain in one location for their entire lifespan. How Scale Insects Defend Themselves Scale insects produce a waxy secretion that forms a cover (called a test) over their bodies. This coating can vary greatly from species to species. In some scale insects, the test looks like a powdery substance, while others produce long strands of wax. The test is often cryptic, helping the scale insect blend in with the host plant. This waxy coat performs several functions for the scale insect. It helps insulate it from temperature fluctuations, and also maintains the proper humidity around the insects body. The test also camouflages the scale insect from potential predators and parasitoids. Scale insects and mealybugs also excrete honeydew, a sugary liquid waste that is a by-product of eating plant sap. This sweet substance attracts ants. Honeydew-loving ants will sometimes protect the scale insects from predators to ensure their supply of sugar remains intact. Where Do Scale Insects Live? The superfamily Coccoidea is quite large, with more than 7,500 species known throughout the world. Roughly 1,100 species inhabit the U.S. and Canada. Sources: Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edition, edited by John L. Capinera.Superfamily Coccoidea – Scales and Mealybugs, Bugguide.net. Accessed online February 9, 2016.Systematic Studies of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), by Nathaniel B. Hardy, University of California Davis, 2008.Scale Management Guidelines – UC IPM, University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. Accessed online February 9, 2016.ScaleNet: Scale Insects (Coccoidea) Database, USDA Agricultural Research Service. Accessed online February 9, 2016.Coccoidea, Tree of Life Web. Accessed online February 9, 2016.

Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Article Critique - Essay Example The main concern of the writer in his article is about the scientists community who remained silent and just not putting the whole picture of human induced climate change and issues like global warming and sea level increase in front of the people. Their deliberate silence bring them good fortunes in the form of more research grants. There are pressures from certain quarters on scientists not to report actual situation and affects of climate change on ice sheets and sea level. This article goes on to discuss the climate changes and its affect on ice, ice sheet of Greenland and Western Antarctica, different models of non-linear and linear types to establish scientifically that what is and will be the actual situation if the human induced greenhouse gases emissions goes on. The writer goes on to discuss IPCC business as usual scenarios and different studies and literature on the climate changes to establish scientifically that the concern about ice sheet melting and sea level rise is n ot a hoax but it’s a reality and it is actually not as reported by scientific community but even the more bigger issue. Article goes on to discuss the writer’s personal experiences and his problems of real/ actual situations presentation. Article even goes on to discuss the difference between normal people and scientists and put some moral questions that scientists must have more responsibility to put across the actual pictures of any catastrophies, which will likely to happen in future. In reporting, scientists must take utmost care and their findings should be based on some scientific evidences. Article even goes on to say that for some governmental agencies like IPCC, reticence may be proper but as an individual scientists, they have to more responsible in reporting the effects of greenhouse gases on climate and must come out from their comfort zone and say something based on pure research and evidences. Doing so they may